The shapes seen here were made purely within Illustrator, and then assembled in Photoshop. The whole thing could have been accomplished in Illustrator, but sometimes I like to experiment with things in another application to explore what else is possible and also to fine-tune the tone and contrast of the image. Even though this image begins with a structure, which is mechanical in nature, the final forms and landscapes are quite organic. Making something that is organic out of the cold lines of vector graphics and abstract forms of the math creates an interesting aesthetic quality, I think.
Above is a detail that shows the original mechanical structure used to make the entire image. This was made by creating basic polygons with the Pen Tool. Hold Shift to constrain proportions or angles while working.
In the above detail you can see a more organic look. This was created by taking the original structure shape and dragging it into the Brushes palette, thereby creating a brush preset out of an image. Then when you create a stroke and apply the new brush, the original geometry will match the contours of your new object. Looking back at the original image, you can see that I created form, structure, composition, a landscape, all with a unifying aesthetic, all from a single, original design.